Qun Zuo,Shu-Chen Wang,Xin-Kai Yu,Wei-Wei Chao.[J].Chin J Traumatol,2018,21(2):88-95. [doi]
Response of macrophages in rat skeletal muscle after eccentric exercise
  
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KeyWord: Macrophage phenotype Muscle injury Regeneration Eccentric exercise
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Author NameAffiliation
Qun Zuo School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China 
Shu-Chen Wang School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200439, China 
Xin-Kai Yu School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200440, China 
Wei-Wei Chao School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200441, China 
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Abstract:
      Purpose: Macrophages are known to be important for healing numerous injured tissues depending on their functional phenotypes in response to different stimuli. The objective of this study was to reveal macrophage phenotypic changes involved in exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury and regeneration. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats experienced one session of downhill running (16 decline, 16 m/min) for 90 min. After exercise the blood and soleus muscles were collected at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 1 w and 2 w after exercise, separately. Results: It was showed that CD68þ M1 macrophages mainly infiltrated into muscle necrotic sites at 1-3 d, while CD163þ M2 macrophages were present in muscles from 0 h to 2 weeks after exercise. Using transmission electron microscopy, we observed activated satellite cells 1 d after exercise. Th1-associated transcripts of iNOS and Ccl2 were inhibited post exercise, while COX-2 mRNA was dramatically increased 12 h after running (p < 0.01). M2 phenotype marker Arg-1 increased 12 h and 3 d (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) after exercise, and Clec10a and Mrc2 were up-regulated in muscles 12 h following exercise (p < 0.05, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The data demonstrate the dynamic patterns of macrophage phenotype in skeletal muscle upon eccentric exercise stimuli, and M1 and M2 phenotypes perform different functions during exerciseinduced skeletal muscle injury and recovery.
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