Reza Rostami,Payman Salamati,Kourosh Karimi Yarandi,Alireza Khoshnevisan,Soheil Saadat,Zeynab Sadat Kamali,Somaie Ghiasi,Atefeh Zaryabi,Seyed Shahab Ghazi Mir Saeid,Mehdi Arjipour,Mohammad Saeid Rezaee-Zavareh,Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar.[J].Chin J Traumatol,2017,20(5):278-282. [doi]
Effects of neurofeedback on the short-term memory and continuous attention ofpatients with moderate traumatic brain injury: A preliminary randomized controlled clinical trial
  
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KeyWord: NeurofeedbackBrain injuriesAttentionShort-term memory
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Reza Rostami Department of Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 
Payman Salamati Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 
Kourosh Karimi Yarandi Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 
Alireza Khoshnevisan Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 
Soheil Saadat Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 
Zeynab Sadat Kamali Department of Psychology, Tehran University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 
Somaie Ghiasi Department of Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 
Atefeh Zaryabi Department of Clinical Psychology, Allame Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran 
Seyed Shahab Ghazi Mir Saeid Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 
Mehdi Arjipour Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 
Mohammad Saeid Rezaee-Zavareh Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
Students' Research Committee, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 
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Abstract:
      Purpose: There are some studies which showed neurofeedback therapy (NFT) can be effective in clients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) history. However, randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed for evaluation of this treatment as a standard option. This preliminary study was aimed to evaluate the effect of NFT on continuous attention (CA) and short-term memory (STM) of clients with moderate TBI using a randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT). Methods: In this preliminary RCT, seventeen eligible patients with moderate TBI were randomly allocated in two intervention and control groups. All the patients were evaluated for CA and STM using the visual continuous attention test and Wechsler memory scale-4th edition (WMS-IV) test, respectively, both at the time of inclusion to the project and four weeks later. The intervention group participated in 20 sessions of NFT through the first four weeks. Conversely, the control group participated in the same NF sessions from the fifth week to eighth week of the project. Results: Eight subjects in the intervention group and five subjects in the control group completed the study. The mean and standard deviation of participants' age were (26.75 ± 15.16) years and (27.60 ± 8.17) years in experiment and control groups, respectively. All of the subjects were male. No significant improvement was observed in any variables of the visual continuous attention test and WMS-IV test between two groups (p≥0.05). Conclusion: Based on our literature review, it seems that our study is the only study performed on the effect of NFT on TBI patients with control group. NFT has no effect on CA and STM in patients with moderate TBI. More RCTs with large sample sizes, more sessions of treatment, longer time of follow-up and different protocols are recommended.
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