Hong-Bo Zhang,Tian-Long Xing,Rui-Xue Yin,Yong Shi,Shi-Mo Yang,Wen-Jun Zhang.[J].Chin J Traumatol,2016,19(4):187-192. [doi]
Three-dimensional bioprinting is not only about cell-laden structures
  
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KeyWord: 3D bioprintingHydrogelsVascularizationMultiple cell lines
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Author NameAffiliation
Hong-Bo Zhang Complex and Intelligent Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China 
Tian-Long Xing Complex and Intelligent Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China 
Rui-Xue Yin Complex and Intelligent Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China 
Yong Shi Complex and Intelligent Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China 
Shi-Mo Yang Complex and Intelligent Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China 
Wen-Jun Zhang Complex and Intelligent Research Centre, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada 
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Abstract:
      In this review, we focused on a few obstacles that hinder three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting process in tissue engineering. One of the obstacles is the bioinks used to deliver cells. Hydrogels are the most widely used bioink materials; however, they are mechanically weak in nature and cannot meet the requirements for supporting structures, especially when the tissues, such as cartilage, require extracellular matrix to be mechanically strong. Secondly and more importantly, tissue regeneration is not only about building all the components in a way that mimics the structures of living tissues, but also about how to make the constructs function normally in the long term. One of the key issues is sufficient nutrient and oxygen supply to the engineered living constructs. The other is to coordinate the interplays between cells, bioactive agents and extracellular matrix in a natural way. This article reviews the approaches to improve the mechanical strength of hydrogels and their suitability for 3D bioprinting; moreover, the key issues of multiple cell lines coprinting with multiple growth factors, vascularization within engineered living constructs etc. were also reviewed.
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